Fix security headers are not configured in Nuxt

The application does not set the baseline security response headers. Without them a browser will not enforce HTTPS, will guess content types, and will allow the page to be framed. Headers set by a CDN or ingress are invisible to static analysis, so this rule reports lower confidence when it finds no header configuration at all.

medium likely Nuxt CWE-693 / OWASP A05:2021

The vulnerable pattern in Nuxt

This finding comes from the Nuxt fixture in the owlwarden test suite. Without these headers the browser enforces nothing: strict-transport-security forces HTTPS for future requests; content-security-policy limits which scripts and origins the page may load; x-content-type-options stops browsers guessing a response's content type; x-frame-options blocks clickjacking via framing; referrer-policy stops URLs leaking to third parties.

The corrected handler

Enable Nuxt's routeRules headers, or install nuxt-security.

// nuxt.config.ts
export default defineNuxtConfig({
  routeRules: {
    '/**': {
      headers: {
        'Strict-Transport-Security': 'max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains',
        'Content-Security-Policy': "default-src 'self'",
        'X-Content-Type-Options': 'nosniff',
        'X-Frame-Options': 'DENY',
        'Referrer-Policy': 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin',
      },
    },
  },
})

On a different runtime

The fix above is written for the runtime Nuxt usually runs on. These are the runtimes where it would not run at all - an import that does not exist, or an API the host does not have - and what to write instead.

Workers and other fetch-API runtimes

Set them on the response in middleware. A config block the Node build reads is not evaluated on this runtime.

export default {
  async fetch(request: Request) {
    const response = await handle(request)
    const headers = new Headers(response.headers)
    headers.set('strict-transport-security', 'max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains')
    headers.set('content-security-policy', "default-src 'self'")
    headers.set('x-content-type-options', 'nosniff')
    headers.set('x-frame-options', 'DENY')
    headers.set('referrer-policy', 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin')
    return new Response(response.body, { status: response.status, headers })
  },
}

If you are not using Nuxt

Set these response headers at the edge or in the app: strict-transport-security, content-security-policy, x-content-type-options, x-frame-options, referrer-policy.

Check your own repository

npx owlwarden scan
npx owlwarden explain security-headers-missing

Runs on your machine. No account, no telemetry, no network unless you ask. In CI, SARIF uploads to code scanning and the exit code is the gate.

Other Nuxt checks

Rules with a tested Nuxt example.

• cors-permissive medium Cross-origin policy accepts any origin
• hardcoded-secret high Credential hardcoded in source
• insecure-cookie medium Cookie set without its protective attributes
• install-lifecycle-script medium Package declares an install-time script
• open-redirect medium Redirect target comes from the caller
• sensitive-data-logged medium Sensitive data written to a log
• sql-injection high SQL query built by string interpolation
• ssrf high Server fetches a URL the caller controls
• stack-trace-leak high Stack trace leaked in error response
• weak-crypto high Broken cryptographic primitive protecting a secret

security-headers-missing for every framework / All rules / owlwarden